UMmiselo we-10/2011 we-European Union (EU), ongowona mthetho ungqongqo nobalulekileyo kwiimveliso zeplastiki zodidi lokutya, uneemfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu nezibanzi kumgangatho womlinganiselo wesinyithi esinzima kwiimveliso zoqhagamshelwano lokutya, kwaye sisalathisi somoya samazwe ngamazwe. Ulawulo lomngcipheko wokhuseleko lwezixhobo zokutya.
Ummiselo omtsha we-EU (EU) No. 10/2011 kwizinto zeplastiki kunye namanqaku ajoliswe ukudibana nokutya yapapashwa kwi-2011
Jan 15. Lo mmiselo mtsha uqala ukusebenza ngo-2011 ngoMeyi 1. Utshitshisa uMyalelo weKhomishini 2002/72/EC. Kukho ezininzi
izibonelelo zenguqu kwaye zishwankathelwe kwiThebhile 1.
Uluhlu loku-1
ULungiselelo loTshintsho
Kude kube ngowama-2012 ngo-Dec
Inokwamkela ukubeka oku kulandelayo kwimarike
- izinto zoqhagamshelwano zokutya kunye namanqaku abekwe ngokusemthethweni emarikeni
FCM amaxwebhu axhasayo amalungiselelo enguqu
ngaphambi kowama-2011 ngoMeyi 1
Amaxwebhu axhasayo aya kusekelwa kwimigaqo esisiseko yemfuduko iyonke kunye novavanyo oluthile lokufuduka oluchazwe kwiSihlomelo kwi-Directive 82/711/EEC.
Ukususela kwi-2013 kaJanuwari 1 ukuya kwi-2015 ngo-Dec
Uxwebhu oluxhasayo lwemathiriyeli, amanqaku kunye nezinto ezibekwe kwimarike zinokusekwe kwimithetho emitsha yokufuduka echazwe kuMgaqo we-EU (EU) No. 10/2011 okanye imigaqo ebekwe kwisiHlomelo 82/711/EEC
Ukusuka kwi-2016 kaJan 1
Amaxwebhu axhasayo aya kusekelwa kwimigaqo yovavanyo lokufuduka oluchazwe kuMgaqo (EU) No. 10/2011
Qaphela: 1. Umxholo woxwebhu lwenkxaso ubhekiselele kwiThebhile 2, D
Itheyibhile 2
A. Umda.
1. Izinto eziphathekayo kunye namanqaku kunye neenxalenye zazo ezibandakanya iiplastiki kuphela
2. Izinto zeplastiki zeplastiki ezininzi kunye namanqaku abanjwe kunye ngokunamathela okanye ngezinye iindlela
3. Izixhobo kunye namanqaku ekubhekiselwe kuwo kwinqaku 1 & 2 aprintiweyo kunye / okanye agqunywe ngengubo.
4. Iilayile zeplastiki okanye iingubo zeplastiki, ukwenza i-gaskets kwii-caps kunye nokuvalwa, ukuba kunye nezo zigqubuthelo kunye nokuvalwa zenza iseti ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli.
5. Iiplastiki zeplastiki kwizinto ezininzi ze-multi-layer kunye namanqaku
B. Ukukhululwa
1. Ion exchange resin
2. Irabha
3. Ii-Silicones
C. Izinto ezisemva komqobo osebenzayo kunye ne-nanoparticles
Izinto ezisemva komqobo osebenzayo2
1. Inokuveliswa ngezinto ezingadweliswanga kuluhlu lweManyano
2. Uya kuthobela uthintelo lwe-vinyl chloride monomer Annex I (SML: Ayibonwa, 1 mg/kg kwimveliso egqityiweyo)
3. Izinto ezingagunyaziswanga zingasetyenziswa kwinqanaba eliphezulu le-0.01 mg / kg ekutyeni.
4. Awuyi kuba kwizinto eziguquguqukayo, i-carcinogenic okanye ityhefu ekuveliseni ngaphandle kokugunyaziswa kwangaphambili.
5. Akayi kuba ngowe-nanoform
Nanoparticles::
1. Kufuneka kuvavanywe ngokwemeko ngokwemeko ngokumalunga nomngcipheko wabo de kwaziwe ulwazi oluninzi.
2. Izinto ezikwi-nanoform ziya kusetyenziswa kuphela ukuba zigunyaziswe ngokucacileyo kwaye zikhankanywe kwiSihlomelo I.
D. Amaxwebhu axhasayo
1. iya kuqulatha iimeko kunye neziphumo zovavanyo, izibalo, imodeli, olunye uhlalutyo kunye nobungqina malunga nokhuseleko okanye ingqiqo ebonisa ukuthotyelwa.
2. iya kwenziwa ifumaneke ngumqhubi weshishini kumagunya afanelekileyo esizwe ngesicelo
E. Imfuduko iyonke kunye noMda wokuFudukela oKhethekileyo
1. IMfuduko iyonke
-10mg/dm² 10
- 60mg/kg 60
2. Ukufuduka okuKhethekileyo (Jonga kuLuhlu lweManyano lweSihlomelo I – Xa kungekho mda uthile wokufuduka okanye ezinye izithintelo zinikiweyo, umda wokufuduka oqhelekileyo we-generic we-60 mg/kg uya kusebenza)
Uluhlu lweManyano
Isihlomelo I-iMonomer kunye nesiHlomelo
ISIHLOMELO Ndisiphethe
1. Iimonomers okanye ezinye izinto zokuqala
2. Izongezo ezingaquki imibala
3. Izixhobo zokuvelisa iipolymer ngaphandle kwezinyibilikisi
4. Iimacromolecules ezifunyenwe kwi-microbial fermentation
5. 885 into egunyazisiweyo
Isihlomelo II–Uthintelo ngokubanzi kwimathiriyeli namaNqaku
Ukufuduka okuthe ngqo kwentsimbi enzima (mg/kg ukutya okanye ukulinganisa ukutya)
1. IBarium (钡) =1
2. I-Cobalt (钴)= 0.05
3. Ubhedu (铜)= 5
4. Intsimbi (铁) = 48
5. I-Lithium (锂)= 0.6
6. IManganese (锰)= 0.6
7. IZinc (锌)= 25
UkuFuduka okuKhethekileyo kwePrimary Aromatic Amines (isixa), umda wokufunyanwa yi-0.01mg yezinto ngekhilogram yokutya okanye isivuseleli sokutya.
Isihlomelo III-Izifanisi zokutya
I-10% ye-Ethanol
Phawula: Amanzi adiliweyo anokukhethwa kwiimeko ezithile
Ukulinganisa Ukutya A
ukutya kunye nomlinganiswa we-hydrophilic
I-3% ye-Acetic Acid
Isifanisi sokutya B
ukutya okuneasidi
I-20% ye-Ethanol
Ukulinganisa Ukutya C
ukutya ukuya kwi-20% yesiqulatho sotywala
50% Ethanol
Ukutya okufanisiweyo D1
ukutya okuqulathe> 20% isiqulatho sotywala
imveliso yobisi
ukutya ngeoli emanzini
Amafutha emifuno
Ukutya okufanisiweyo D2
ukutya kunesimilo se-lipophilic, amafutha asimahla
Ipoly(2,6-diphenyl-p-phenyleneoxide), ubungakanani bamasuntswana angama-60-80mesh, ubukhulu bepore 200nm
Ukutya okulinganisayo E
ukutya okomileyo
Isihlomelo IV- Isibhengezo sokuthotyelwa (DOC)
1. iya kukhutshwa ngumqhubi weshishini kwaye iya kuqulatha ulwazi njengoko KUHLOMELO IV3
2. Kumanqanaba okuthengisa ngaphandle kwinqanaba lokuthengisa, i-DOC iya kufumaneka kwizinto zeplastiki kunye namanqaku, iimveliso ezivela kumanqanaba aphakathi okwenziwa kwazo kunye nezinto ezijoliswe ekuveliseni.
3. Uya kuvumela ukuchongwa ngokulula kwezixhobo, amanqaku okanye iimveliso ukusuka kumanqanaba aphakathi okwenziwa okanye izinto ezikhutshelwe zona.
4. – Ukwakhiwa kuya kwaziwa ngumenzi wezinto kwaye kwenziwe kufumaneke kwabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo ngesicelo
Isihlomelo V -Imeko yoVavanyo
OM1 10d ngo 20°C 20
Naluphi na uqhagamshelwano lokutya kwindawo ekhenkcezisiweyo kunye nefriji
OM2 10d ngo 40°C
Nakuphi na ukugcinwa kwexesha elide kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi okanye ngaphantsi, kuquka ukufudumeza ukuya kuma 70°C ukuya kutsho kwiiyure ezi-2, okanye ukufudumeza ukuya kutsho kwi-100°C ukuya kutsho kwimizuzu eyi-15.
OM3 2h ngo-70°C
Naziphi na iimeko zoqhagamshelwano ezibandakanya ukufudumeza ukuya kwi-70 ° C ukuya kwiiyure ze-2, okanye ukuya kwi-100 ° C ukuya kwi-15minutes, engalandelwa yigumbi elide okanye ukugcinwa kweqondo lokushisa efrijini.
OM4 1h nge-100°C
Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphezulu kuzo zonke izivuseleli zokutya kwiqondo lobushushu ukuya kuma 100°C
OM5 I-2h kwi-100 ° C okanye kwi-reflux / ngenye indlela i-1 h kwi-121 ° C
Ukushisa okuphezulu kweqondo lokushisa ukuya kwi-121 ° C
OM6 4h kwi-100 ° C okanye kwi-reflux
Naziphi na iimeko zokudityaniswa kokutya ezinezivuseleli zokutya A, B okanye C, kubushushu obungaphezu kwama-40° C
Phawula: Imele iimeko ezimbi kakhulu kuzo zonke izifanisi zokutya ezidibene neepololefins
OM7 2h ku-175°C
Ukusetyenziswa kweqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye nokutya okunamafutha angaphezulu kweemeko ze-OM5
Phawula: Kwimeko apho kungenzeki ngokobuchule ukwenza i-OM7 ngokutya okufana nokulinganisa i-D2 uvavanyo lunokutshintshwa ngovavanyo lwe-OM 8 okanye i-OM9.
OM8 Ukutya okufana no-E kwiiyure ezi-2 kwi-175 ° C kunye nokulinganisa ukutya kwe-D2 kwiiyure ezi-2 kwi-100 ° C.
Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphezulu kuphela
Phawula: Xa ngokobuchwepheshe AKUNZE kwenzeke ukwenza i-OM7 ngokutya okufanayo kwe-D2
OM9 Ukutya okufana no-E kwiiyure ezi-2 kwi-175 ° C kunye nokulinganisa ukutya kwe-D2 iintsuku ezili-10 kwi-40 ° C.
Izicelo eziphezulu zokushisa ezibandakanya ukugcinwa kwexesha elide kwiqondo lokushisa
Phawula: Xa ngokobuchwepheshe AKUNZE kwenzeke ukwenza i-OM7 ngokutya okufanayo kwe-D2
Ukurhoxiswa komyalelo we-EU
1. 80/766/EEC, iKhomishini Directive indlela yokuhlalutya kulawulo olusemthethweni lwe-vinyl chloride monomer level ekunxibelelaneni kwezinto kunye nokutya.
2. I-81/432/EEC, indlela yoMyalelo weKhomishini yohlalutyo lolawulo olusemthethweni lokukhutshwa kwe-vinyl chloride ngezinto kunye nenqaku kwizinto zokutya.
3. 2002/72/EC, iKhomishini Directive enxulumene nemathiriyeli yeplastiki kunye nenqaku lokutya.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-19-2021